Web Development

Web development involves the creation and maintenance of websites and web applications, whether on the Internet or a private Intranet. Developing a web application typically requires both front-end and back-end development.

Front-End Development

The front-end (also known as client-side development) includes all components of a web application that users interact with directly in their browser—such as buttons, menus, and navigation bars.

Front-end development primarily uses:

• HTML for structure
• CSS for styling
• JavaScript for interactivity

Developers often work with frameworks and libraries that provide pre-built UI components and reusable code. Some popular front-end technologies include:

• React
• Angular
• jQuery
• Ember.js
• Flutter

Back-End Development

The back-end (server-side development) refers to everything that happens behind the scenes of a web application—the code, databases, and servers that power the application but are not directly visible to users.

Its key responsibilities include:

• Storing, managing, and organizing data
• Ensuring smooth operation of the front-end
• Processing user requests and responses

Common back-end programming languages include:

• Python
• Ruby
• Java
• PHP
• Node.js

Key Areas in Back-End Development

1. Database Development
   Databases are responsible for storing raw data used by the application. Developers must be skilled in designing, managing, and querying databases such as:
   • MySQL
   • MongoDB
   • Microsoft SQL Server
   • Oracle
2. API Development
   An API (Application Programming Interface) acts as a bridge that allows different software systems to communicate with each other. In web development, APIs typically connect the front-end and back-end, enabling seamless data transfer and functionality.
   Well-designed APIs can:
   • Enhance system integration
   • Accelerate development
   • Drive innovation by enabling both internal and external access to services